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Publication Laka-library:
Nuclear Power in Canada An Estimation of Risks, Impacts and Sustainability (2006)

Author	Pembina Institute, Mark Winfield
Date	December 2006
Classification	3.02.0.00/24 (CANADA - GENERAL)
Front

Executive summary

This study examines the environmental impacts of the use of nuclear energy for 
electricity generation in Canada through each of the four major stages of nuclear 
energy production: uranium mining and milling; uranium refining, conversion and 
fuel fabrication; nuclear power plant operation; and waste fuel management. It is 
intended to inform public debate over the future role of nuclear energy in Canada, 
and to facilitate comparisons of nuclear energy with other potential energy sources.

This study examines waste generation, atmospheric releases, impacts on water 
quality and water use, and landscape and ecosystem impacts of nuclear energy 
production. It also examines the occupational and community health impacts of 
nuclear power and key long-term challenges to its sustainability, including security 
and weapons proliferation risks. Specific environmental impacts are examined in 
the context of CANDU nuclear technology, the only reactor type currently in use 
in Canada. *

The study findings likely underestimate the overall impacts of the use of nuclear 
energy for electricity production in Canada. This is a result of significant gaps in 
the publicly available information on releases of pollutants and contaminants, as 
well as on the fate of certain waste streams related to the nuclear industry. In 
addition, the study relies on what are likely conservative estimates in a number 
of key areas, particularly with respect to the generation of greenhouse gas (GHG) 
emissions.

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