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Long term effects of Low Level Radiation Exposure (1978)
| Author | V.P.Bond, Brookhaven Nat. Lab. |
| Date | May 1978 |
| Classification | 6.01.4.80/26 (RADIATION - DISCUSSION ON LOW-LEVEL RADIATION) |
| Front | 
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From the publication:
Long-term Effects of Low-level Radiation Exposure Experimental Studies Although both genetic and carcinogenic effects of radiation are of major importance in the context of radiation protection, the following discussion is limited essentially to tumorigenic effects. The focus is on experimental evidence from lower biological systems, and human data will be discussed only briefly. Effects of low-LET radiations are considered only. Discussion will center around the question of "linearity" in radiobiology in general and in cancer risk estimation, i.e., the shape of the dose- effect curve and the degree to which the effect is a function of the temporal pattern of dose delivery. The importance of the subject is illustrated in Figure 1, in which dose is plotted against effect (incidence or risk). Typical data available on the human being (e.g., for human cancer from gamma ray exposure) are represented in the figure as the hypothetical data points at relatively high doses, e.g., 100 or more rad. Of principal interest in the context of radiation protection is the very low dose (about 10 rad or less) region, in which no usable data exist. Estimation of effect at these low doses isfrequently obtained by linear interpolation between background dose and incidence, and the data points at high doses and dose rates. This function, curve a3 in Figure 1, is referred to as "linearity," and is to be contrasted with the curvilinear relationship, curve a2 also shown in Figure 1. Obviously, the linear relationship predicts a greater degree of effect at low doses, than does the curvilinear function.
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