Publication Laka-library:
Brazilian energy balance 1996 (1996)
| Author | Min. of mines & energy |
| Date | 1996 |
| Classification | 3.27.0.00/12 (BRASIL - GENERAL) |
| Front | 
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From the publication:
INTRODUCTION Like in previous years, the Brazilian Energy Balance 1996 - BEB 96 - shows the energy flows of different primary and secondary sources, from the production to the final consumption in every sector of the Brazilian Economy, for the 1980 to 1995 period. The balance sheet can be the more readly understood if certain basic concepts are explained. Primary energy: sources provided by nature in its direct form, such as petroleum, natural gas, fossil coal, hydraulic energy, firewood, etc. The bulk of primary energy is consumed (transformed) in the Transformation Centers (petroleum refineries, natural gas plants, coking ovens, hydroelectric power plants, etc.), where it is converted into secondary energy (diesel oil, gasoline, coke, electricity, etc.) with the respective losses in transformation. The remaining primary energy is consumed directly in various sectors of the economy and this consumption is named final consumption. Examples: the consumption of firewood for cooking meals, consumption of steam coal in boilers, etc. The same occurs with secondary energy, with the greater part going directly into final consumption in the various sectors of the economy while the remainder is converted into other forms of secondary energy. Examples: fuel oil to electricity; sugar cane bagasse to electricity; naphtha to town gas, etc. The total consumption of each source of primary and secondary energy is thus represented by the sum of the energy transformed plus the energy that flows to final consumption. It should also be pointed out that the final consumption of primary and secondary sources breaks down into energy and non-energy applications, with final energy consumption covering a number of sectors of the economy, such as: the energy sector itself, the residential, commercial, public, agricultural, transportation and industrial sectors. The transportation sector consists of highway, railroad, air and waterway transportation; and the industrial sector: cement, pig-iron and steel, ferro- alloys, mining/ pelletization, non-ferrous metals, chemical, food and beverage, textiles, paper and pulp, ceramic and other industries.
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