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Publicatie Laka-bibliotheek:
Brazilian energy balance 1996 (1996)

Auteur	Min. of mines & energy
Datum	1996
Classificatie	3.27.0.00/12 (BRAZILIË - ALGEMEEN)
Voorkant

INTRODUCTION

Like in previous years, the Brazilian Energy Balance 1996 - BEB 96 - shows the 
energy flows of different primary and secondary sources, from the production to 
the final consumption in every sector of the Brazilian Economy, for the 1980 to 
1995 period.

The balance sheet can be the more readly understood if certain basic concepts 
are explained.

Primary energy: sources provided by nature in its direct form, such as petroleum, 
natural gas, fossil coal, hydraulic energy, firewood, etc.

The bulk of primary energy is consumed (transformed) in the Transformation 
Centers (petroleum refineries, natural gas plants, coking ovens, hydroelectric 
power plants, etc.), where it is converted into secondary energy (diesel oil, 
gasoline, coke, electricity, etc.) with the respective losses in transformation.

The remaining primary energy is consumed directly in various sectors of the 
economy and this consumption is named final consumption. Examples: the 
consumption of firewood for cooking meals, consumption of steam coal in 
boilers, etc.

The same occurs with secondary energy, with the greater part going directly into 
final consumption in the various sectors of the economy while the remainder is 
converted into other forms of secondary energy. Examples: fuel oil to electricity; 
sugar cane bagasse to electricity; naphtha to town gas, etc.

The total consumption of each source of primary and secondary energy is thus 
represented by the sum of the energy transformed plus the energy that flows to 
final consumption.

It should also be pointed out that the final consumption of primary and secondary 
sources breaks down into energy and non-energy applications, with final energy 
consumption covering a number of sectors of the economy, such as: the energy sector 
itself, the residential, commercial, public, agricultural, transportation and 
industrial sectors. The transportation sector consists of highway, railroad, air and 
waterway transportation; and the industrial sector: cement, pig-iron and steel, ferro-
alloys, mining/ pelletization, non-ferrous metals, chemical, food and beverage, 
textiles, paper and pulp, ceramic and other industries.

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