Publication Laka-library:
ExternE National Implementation, The Netherlands (Fuel cycle externalities) (1997)
| Author | IVM, VU Amsterdam |
| Date | November 1997 |
| Classification | 6.01.0.10/50 (COSTS) |
| Front | 
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From the publication:
ExternE National Implementation - the Netherlands 0.6 Conclusions This study is the first comprehensive attempt to estimate the externalities of electricity production using a bottom-up approach which uses atmospheric dispersion modelling of air pollutants in combination with stock at risk data, relevant exposure-response relations and monetary valuation through a Willingness to Pay (WTP) approach. In this report the results of the implementation of this approach, with some minor elaborations in certain fields, for the Netherlands is given. It was estimated that the externalities of electricity production with coal are roughly once as high as with natural gas and nuclear while the externalities of biomass based electricity production are even lower. Partial substitution of coal with biomass in coal technology electricity plants and a shift from coal and natural gas based to biomass based electricity production could thus decrease the externalities of the electricity sector. The main benefits are due to reduced CO2 emissions. It was found that the long-range (100-3000 km from the power plant) impacts of PM10, SO2 and NOx emissions from the power plant during normal operation were higher than expected. The high damages of SO2 and NOx emissions are not due to these pollutants themselves but due to ammoniumsulphate and -nitrate aerosols (particles) formed in the atmosphere causing severe health impacts. Local impacts can, depending on the population density within a short distance (0-100 km) from the power plant, also be substantial. This is especially the case for PM related damages. Furthermore, it was found that for fossil fuel cycles the global warming damages due to CO2 emissions dominate the overall damages. Partial substitution of coal with biomass in coal technology electricity plants and a shift from coal and natural gas based to biomass based electricity production could thus decrease the externalities of the electricity sector. The main benefits are due to reduced CO2 emissions.
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