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Nuclear Waste Management in Finland (1998)

Auteur	Posiva Oy
Datum	1998
Classificatie	2.09.4.10/02 (FINLAND - AFVAL)
Voorkant

FINNISH NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

The first commercial nuclear reactor in Finland was started up in 1977. Electricity 
is now generated by four reactors at two sites. Imatran Voima Oy (IVO) operates the 
nuclear power plant units in Loviisa and Teollisuuden Voima Oy (TVO) in Olkiluoto. 
In addition, a research reactor in Otaniemi, Espoo has been in use at the Technical 
Research Centre of Finland (VTT) since 1962.

Electricity is an important source of energy in Finland and its share of total energy 
consumption continues to rise. Nearly 30 per cent of the energy consumed in Finland 
is produced by nuclear power and the rest mainly generated by hydro, coal, oil and
peat.

PRINCIPLES OF NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT

A small amount of waste, in proportion to the amount of electricity produced, is 
a typical feature of nuclear energy. In Finland, the accumulation of high level 
radioactive waste amounts to about 70 tonnes a year and the amount of low and 
medium level packed waste totals about 300 cubic meters. In addition, the 
decommissioning of the four existing reactors will result in low and medium 
nuclear wastes comprising about 40 000 cubic meters.

Attention is paid to all nuclear waste with respect to its environmental impact. The 
most secure way to isolate nuclear wastes is their final disposal deep in the bedrock.

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