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Publicatie Laka-bibliotheek:
Accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant and its concequences. Part II. Annexes 2,7

AuteurUSSR State Committee
Datumaugustus 1986
Classificatie 2.34.8.10/06 (TSJERNOBYL - ONGELUK & OMGEVING - ALGEMEEN)
Voorkant

Uit de publicatie:

ANNEX 2

2. DESIGN OF THE REACTOR PLANT

The reactor plant is designed to produce dry saturated steam at a pressure of 
70 kgf/cm2 <= 7 MPa). It consists of the reactor proper with its monitoring, 
control and protection systems, and the piping and equipment of the multiple 
forced circulation loop (primary coolant circuit).

2 .1. Reactor

The RMBK power reactor is a heterogeneous thermal neutron channel-type 
(pressure tube) reactor, in which graphite is used as the moderator, while the 
coolant is light water and a steam-water mixture circulating through vertical 
channels passing through the core.

The reactor core (1) takes the shape of a vertical cylinder with an equivalent diameter 
of 11.8 m and height of 7 m (see Fig. 2.1). It is surrounded by lateral and end graphite 
reflectors 1 and 0.5 m thick, respectively. The core is composed of fuel channels with 
the fuel assemblies inside them, a graphite moderator, channels with neutron absorber 
rods (control rods) and the sensors of the monitoring system. Some of the channels in 
the core are made of a zirconium alloy. The graphite stack consists of blocks 
assembled into columns with axial cylindrical openings into which the fuel channels 
are inserted. The fuel channels are located in 1661[*] cells in a square lattice with a 
250 mm pitch. The channels of the control and protection system (CPS) number 211 
and are arranged in the same way as the fuel channels in the central openings of the 
graphite stack columns (the arrangement of the channels is shown in Fig. 2.1a).

The graphite stack is located in a leak tight cavity (reactor space) formed by the 
cylindrical cowling (2) and the plates of the upper (4) and lower (3) metal structures. 
To prevent oxidation of the graphite and to improve heat transfer from the graphite 
to the fuel channels the reactor space is filled with a helium-nitrogen mixture with a 
volumetric composition of 85-90t. He and 15-10t. N2. To prevent the possibility of 
helium leaking from the reactor space the inside cavities of the metal structures and 
the space around the cowling are filled with nitrogen at a pressure 50-100 mm H2O
(~ 0.5-1.0 kPa) greater than the pressure in the reactor space.

* The reactors of the first construction stages of the Leningrad, Kursk and Chernobyl'
nuclear power stations contain 1693 fuel assemblies and 179 CPS channels.

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