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Retrospective dosimetry and dose reconstruction. EUR 16540 EN (1996)

Auteur	European Commission
Datum	1996
Classificatie	2.34.8.11/21 (TSJERNOBYL - ONGELUK & OMGEVING - MEDISCH/MUTATIES)
Voorkant

ECP 10

Retrospective Dosimetry & Dose Reconstruction

PART I

1. Introduction

The quantitative assessment of the health consequences of the Chernobyl accident 
requires the availability of suitable methods, procedures and techniques for dose 
reconstruction and retrospective dosimetry. Such assessment is required for people 
exposed to radiation from nuclides incorporated as external sources or internal 
sources. This is a complex task requiring knowledge of a number of factors 
including: the transport of the released radionuclides via the various pathways in 
the environment; the assessment of contamination and exposure fields and 
information on the movements and food consumption of individuals. Mathematical 
models developed to assess individual exposures draw upon these various types of 
data. Consequently, in quantifying the exposure to either populations or individuals, 
two aspects meriting particular attention are: i) an assessment of the quality of 
the primary data and ii) the validation of procedures used subsequently to derive 
estimations of dose to people.

The aim of ECP 10 has been to further the development of physical methods and 
techniques required for retrospective dosimetry and thus to improve dose 
assessment for populations and individuals. A central aspect of this project has 
been the integration of the use of mathematical models and experimental data. 
Using such an approach the project has contributed to an assessment of exposure 
to radionuclides which are considered to be critical for populations either living 
in or evacuated from contaminated areas. The project has employed a number of 
methods including:
• Computational modelling;
• Solid state dosimetry applied to ceramics (luminescence) and to tooth enamel
(electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR);
• Analytical techniques to determine the concentration of the long-lived iodine 
isotope I-129 in soils.
Previously gathered data and samples have also been employed in the project 
including a large database of various measurement data: dose-rate, ß/y spectroscopy, 
137Cs Whole Body Counting (WBC), direct activity measurements of the thyroid 
gland, personal TLD and food/soil radioactivity measurements. Soil and tooth 
samples were also made available.
In this report we describe the activities and output of specialist collaborative 
groups that have been formed to pursue four main lines of enquiry comprising: 
the extent of uncertainty in dose assessment for evacuees of Pripyat and the 30 km 
zone;

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