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Radioactivity in the Arctic. AMAP Assessment 2002 (2004)

Auteur	AMAP
Datum	2004
Classificatie	2.35.0.00/02 (NOORDPOOL)
Voorkant

Chapter 1

Introduction

This report concerns issues relating to the presence and effects of radioactive 
contaminants in the Arctic. It follows on from Chapter 8 of the first AMAP 
assessment report (AMAP, 1997, 1998; available at http://www. amap.no). The 
purpose of this second assessment is to provide an update in cases where new 
information has become available that either warrants revised assessment or relates 
to operations and sources that were not previously considered. Such information 
has been provided by Arctic countries as a result of further research or as a 
consequence of AMAP monitoring activities.
The first AMAP assessment was based on information available up to the beginning 
of 1997. It contained an introduction to the topics of radioactivity and radiological 
protection and explanations of transport processes and exposure pathways for 
radionuclides. The assessment then dealt sequentially with: past and present 
radioactive contamination of the Arctic; individual doses to man estimated from 
environmental measurements; source-related assessments of past and present 
releases; source-related assessments of potential releases; and spatial analysis of the 
vulnerability of Arctic ecosystems. The main part of the assessment concerned: the 
presence and distribution of radionuclides in the Arctic and their sources; doses to 
humans resulting from the presence of these radionuclides and their sources at both 
individual and collective (population) levels; the radiological threats posed by 
known sources of radionuclides in the Arctic, especially in relation to potential 
accidents in the civilian and military sectors; and the vulnerability of the Arctic in
the sense of the degrees of human exposure consequent to accidental releases in 
the Arctic compared to other regions of the world. The overall conclusions of the 
previous AMAP assessment of radioactivity in the Arctic, supported by more 
detailed explanations were that:

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