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The graphite reactor

Auteur	Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Datum
Classificatie	3.01.8.23/02 (VS - LOCATIES - OAK RIDGE)
Voorkant

Introduction

Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Graphite Reactor operated 20 years-November
4, 1943, to November 4, 1963. It was designed and built in only 11 months, 
following operation of CP-1 (Chicago Pile-1) on December 2, 1942, at the 
University of Chicago. Chicago Pile-1 demonstrated that a nuclear chain 
reaction could be self-sustaining and controlled.
With the increasingly promising results obtained during 1942, it was decided to 
proceed with plans for a major national effort to produce fission bombs. In the 
latter part of the year, the Army organized a new Manhattan District, under the 
Corps of Engineers, to manage the activities of producing an atomic bomb.
Experience with CP-1 showed that nuclear fission offered exciting possibilities 
as a new source of almost unbelievable power. Construction of a pilot plant (the 
Graphite Reactor) for the production and chemical separation of plutonium had 
been justified.
Land was acquired in 1942 between Clinton, Kingston, and Oliver Springs, 
Tennessee, under the pretense, for security reasons, of establishing the 
Kingston Demolition Range.

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