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2022 State of Climate Services - Energy (2022)

Auteur	World Meteorological Organization
	6-01-2-19-02.pdf
Datum	2022
Classificatie	6.01.2.19/02 (INVLOED VAN KLIMAATVERANDERING OP KERNENERGIE)
Voorkant

2022 STATE OF CLIMATE SERVICES - ENERGY
World Meteorological Organization, 2022

WMO has issued annual reports on the state of climate services since 
2019 in order to provide scientifically-based information to support 
climate adaptation and mitigation. This 2022 edition of the WMO State 
of Climate Services report focuses on the issue of energy, a subject 
that continues to dominate discussion and debate as it affects every 
single community, business, sector and economic sector, in all parts of
the world.
Energy is at the very heart of our response to the 2030 Agenda for 
Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement on climate change. Given 
that the energy sector contributes around three quarters of global 
greenhouse gas emissions, switching to clean forms of energy generation, 
such as solar, wind and hydropower – and improving energy efficiency – is 
absolutely vital if we are to thrive in the twenty-first century. Net 
zero is the aim. But we will only get there if we double the supply of 
low-emissions electricity within the next eight years.
As we highlight in this report, weather, water and climate services will 
be increasingly important as the world transitions to net zero. As we 
explore – through data, analysis and a series of case studies – countries 
are able to improve their energy infrastructure, resilience and security 
through better climate services – supported by sustainable investments.
Early weather warnings are safeguarding energy supply in Beijing, China. 
Climate stress tests are ensuring electricity is suitably distributed in 
the Italian Dolomites. Warning systems in Tajikistan are providing advance 
notice of dry conditions for hydropower operations planning.
But there are huge opportunities to go further and faster, investing in 
climate services to scale up our resilience to climate change, increase 
clean energy generation and safeguard a sustainable future.
Time is not on our side and our climate is changing before our eyes. 
Sustainable energy security and reaching net zero by 2050 will mean a 
complete transformation of the global energy system – and weather, 
water and climate services will play a crucial role.

Executive summary
CLIMATE CHANGE IS PUTTING ENERGY SECURITY AT RISK GLOBALLY
In the midst of the race to net zero emissions (NZE), the impact of 
global temperature increase continues to raise concerns about energy 
security. Changes in climate pose significant risks to the energy 
sector, directly affecting fuel supply, energy production, physical 
resilience of current and future energy infrastructure, and energy 
demand. Heatwaves and droughts associated with anthropogenic climate 
change are already putting existing energy generation under stress, 
making the net zero transition even more urgent.

In 2020, 87% of global electricity generated from thermal, nuclear and 
hydroelectric systems directly depended on water availability. Meanwhile, 
33% of the thermal power plants that rely on freshwater availability for 
cooling are already located in high water stress areas. This is also the 
case for 15% of existing nuclear power plants, a share expected to 
increase to 25% in the next 20 years. Eleven per cent of hydroelectric 
capacity is also located in highly water-stressed areas. And approximately
26% of existing hydropower dams and 23% of projected dams are within river 
basins that currently have a medium to very high risk of water scarcity.