Publicatie Laka-bibliotheek:
Nuclear power and Safety in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union (1993)
| Auteur | World Bank, IEA |
| Datum | maart 1993 |
| Classificatie | 6.01.3.40/07 (VEILIGHEID - REACTOREN - OOSTEUROPEES ALGEMEEN) |
| Voorkant |
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Uit de publicatie:
NUCLEAR POWER AND SAFETY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AND THE FORMER SOVIET UNION An Overview of Alternative Scenarios and Strategies Abstract This report makes the following main points: • Of total electricity generating capacity in six countries (Armenia, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Russia, Slovakia, and Ukraine) of about 298,000 MW, approximately 20,600 or 7% are of a higher-risk type (RBMK, VVER 440/230). • It would be technically and economically feasible to meet electricity demand in the six countries while closing these higher risk plants by the mid-1990s (low Nuclear Scenario). The investment cost, including nuclear safety upgrades under this scenario would be about $18 billion during 1993-2000 ($2.3 billion per annum) provided moderately-paced economic and energy reforms are pursued to manage electricity demand and improve utilization efficiency, and the primary alternative to nuclear power is gas-fired thermal plant. • The investment cost under a High Nuclear Scenario, which includes upgrading and maintaining all higher risk and other nuclear plants in operation, would be about $24 billion during 1993-2000 ($3 billion per annum), assuming the same pace of reforms and consequent electricity demand. • The Low Nuclear Scenario involves lower capital costs, and addresses the problem of nuclear safety more aggressively but the fossil fuel costs (mainly natural gas) would be about $3 billion higher per annum than for the High Nuclear Scenario. • For a variety of reasons, including balance of payments concerns and different views about nuclear risks, many decision-makers in the countries favor the High Nuclear Scenario.
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