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Insider Threat Security Considerations for Advanced and Small Nuclear Reactors (2025)

AuteurZ.S.Homan, R.Peel
6-01-3-60-18.pdf
Datumapril 2025
Classificatie 6.01.3.60/18 (VEILIGHEID - REACTOREN - REST TYPES, KLEINE REACTOREN (SMR))
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Uit de publicatie:

INSIDER THREAT SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
FOR ADVANCED AND SMALL MODULAR REACTORS
Z. S. HOMAN
King’s College London
London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
R. PEEL
King’s College London
London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Abstract
The wide range of nuclear power plant technologies currently in design 
globally have an assortment of unique
characteristics that create novel security considerations compared to large 
conventional nuclear power plants. Some of these characteristics create “insider 
threat” considerations for nuclear security, where insiders are defined as 
individuals with legitimate access to nuclear facilities and materials who use 
this access to carry out sabotage or theft of nuclear material. These include a 
lack of mature security culture in developer organisations, serial plant 
manufacturing in a production line environment, plant siting in remote and 
isolated areas, minimised staff numbers, teleoperation of plants by offsite 
staff, the increased reliance on digital instrumentation and control systems, 
and the potential for greater involvement of foreign experts and third-party 
suppliers, especially on short-term bases for, e.g, refuelling and maintenance. 
The paper takes a technology agnostic approach to examine what these factors may 
mean for insider threat risks and suggests that plant designers should be 
identifying and minimising the opportunities of insiders to act throughout the 
engineering design process. Doing so is anticipated to strengthen effective 
insider threat mitigation in deployed small and advanced reactors.