Publicatie Laka-bibliotheek:
Energy Subsidies in the European Union

AuteurF.Oosterhuis, IVM
6-04-0-30-19.pdf
Datumjuli 2001
Classificatie 6.04.0.30/19 (SAMENWERKINGSVERBANDEN - LIBERALISERING)
Voorkant

Uit de publicatie:

        ENERGY SUBSIDIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

                                      Final Report




Frans Oosterhuis
Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM)
Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam

July 2001
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This study on energy subsidies in the EU was commissioned by the European Parliament,
Directorate General for Research. The author would like to thank all those who provided
valuable suggestions and comments on earlier drafts of this report.




                                             2
CONTENTS

SUMMARY........................................................................................................................................................... 5
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 7
1. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS .................................................. 8
   1.1 DEFINING AND QUANTIFYING ENERGY SUBSIDIES ....................................................................... 8
   1.2 EXTERNAL COSTS AND UNCOMPENSATED DAMAGE.................................................................... 9
   1.3 THE INHERITANCE OF PAST SUBSIDIES........................................................................................... 11
2. ENERGY SUBSIDIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ............................................................................... 13
   2.1 THE EUROPEAN UNION ........................................................................................................................ 14
   2.2 AUSTRIA................................................................................................................................................... 18
   2.4 DENMARK ................................................................................................................................................ 23
   2.5 FINLAND...................................................................