Publicatie Laka-bibliotheek:
Radiation and Health effects. Report on TMI-2 accident and related health studies (1986)
| Auteur | GPU Nuclear Corporation |
| Datum | juni 1986 |
| Classificatie | 3.01.8.11/03 (VS - LOCATIES - HARRISBURG) |
| Voorkant | 
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Uit de publicatie:
SUMMARY On March 28, 1979, the Unit 2 reactor at the Three Mile Island (TMI) Nuclear Station was severely damaged by an accident. Radioactivity was discharged to the environment resulting in a small amount of radiation exposure to the public. Continuing concerns by some members of the communities around TMI about the potential radiation-induced health effects prompted GPU Nuclear Corporation to examine the information gathered from the accident investigation in the context of our current knowledge of radiation and its effects on human health. Although this report deals with technical matters, the information is presented in a manner that can be understood by those who do not have scientific backgrounds. This report is divided into three major sections. The first section provides an overview of the past 80 years of relevant research on the subject of radiation and its effects on human health. During that time, scientists and physicians throughout the world have studied hundreds of thousands of individuals exposed to radiation from medical and occupational sources and from nuclear weapons explosions. Epidemiologic studies of humans, such as the Japanese survivors of the atomic bomb, have established that following exposure to large doses of radiation, certain health effects, including cancer, can be observed. Radiation-induced health effects from low doses of radiation, such as those associated with the TMI-2 accident, appear infrequently, if at all, and are identical and, therefore, indistinguishable from similar health effects which occur normally. For example, cancers induced by radiation are indistinguishable from those occurring spontaneously or normally. It is not possible, therefore, for scientists to determine directly whether radiation-induced health effects at low doses occur at all; such observations can only be inferred by statistical methods. The second section of this report provides a brief description of the TMI-2 accident. Most of the radioactivity from the damaged fuel was prevented from escaping from the reactor plant into the environment. Radioactivity which was released into the environment consisted primarily of the noble gases xenon and krypton. Small amounts of radioactive iodine and trace quantities of several other radioactive elements also escaped into the environment. Radiation doses to humans and the environment were measured by radiation detectors and calculated from environmental samples. Nearly 10,000 samples of air, water, milk, fish, fruits, meat, soil and river sediment were analyzed and demonstrated that radioactivity released to the environment was small and will have no detectable impact on human health.
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